Work is central to human existence and in Western society it has become a source of selfrespect and identity particularly associated with achievement and status. Workplace roles and identities are dependent on cultural workplace orientations around gender, hierarchy, education level and geographic location. They shift in time and context and through managerial discourses and local dynamics, but work remains a defining characteristic of human identity. As Budd (2011) noted "identity cannot be separated from what others think of us and our work, nor from how we see our work fitting into the broader, social world" (p. 149). The nature of the workplace is changing. Globalization, the results of innovation and technological progress, the advent of world-wide communication through the Internet, changes to manufacturing technologies, and increases in international travel and education have all been an influence in the latter part of the 20th century. Structural market changes, including privatization, deregulation and removal of market protections such as tariffs and subsidies resulted from the increasing international integration of local economies through movement of goods, services, capital, labour and intellectual capital across borders. These effects, combined with stable and long-term growth, created access to increasing work opportunities and a flourishing of markets worldwide. This in turn has led to structural organizational change through rationalization, downsizing, mergers and acquisition, and shifting employment offshore