An on-the-ground history of American empire
Say the word "Guant namo" and orange jumpsuits, chain-link fences, torture, and indefinite detention come to mind. To critics the world over, Guant namo Bay, Cuba, is a striking symbol of American hypocrisy. But the prison isn't the whole story. For more than two centuries, Guant namo has been at the center of American imperial ambition, first as an object of desire then as a convenient staging ground. In Guant namo: An American History, Jonathan M. Hansen presents the first complete account of this fascinating place. The U.S. presence at Guant namo predates even the nation itself, as the bay figured centrally in the imperial expansion plans of colonist and British sailor Lawrence Washington--half brother of the future president George. As the young United States rose in power, Thomas Jefferson and his followers envisioned a vast "empire of liberty," which hinged on U.S. control of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. Politically and geographically, Guant namo Bay was the key to this strategy. So when Cubans took up arms against their Spanish rulers in 1898, America swooped in to ensure that Guant namo would end up firmly in its control. Over the next century, the American navy turned the bay into an idyllic modern Mayberry--complete with bungalows, cul-de-sacs, and country clubs--which base residents still enjoy. In many ways, Guant namo remains more quintessentially American than America itself: a distillation of the idealism and arrogance that has characterized U.S. national identity and foreign policy from the very beginning. Despite the Obama administration's repeated efforts to shutter the notorious prison, the naval base is in no danger of closing anytime soon. Places like Guant namo, which fall between the clear borders of law and sovereignty, continue to serve a purpose regardless of which leaders--left, right, or center--hold the reins of power.