As the largest Muslim majority nation and third largest democracy in the world,
Indonesia has a remarkable history of activism by women. In earlier times, anticolonial
resistance movements included a number of prominent women leaders.
Indonesia is the home of Kartini, a renowned international feminist, Megawati
Sukarnoputri who was its first woman president, and Puan Maharani as the first
female speaker of parliament. Moreover, the first administration of President Joko
Widodo contained the largest number of female ministers holding strategic positions
in Indonesian history. The ministry handling women's affairs has gone through a
breakthrough when it was named Ministry of Women's Empowerment with Khofifah
Indar Parawansa as its Minister.
As a UN member country, Indonesia has ratified all major gender-related treaties,
particularly the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against
Women (CEDAW), and has publicly accepted the responsibility to put gender equality
principles into national law and consistent practice.
This Book concentrates on the challenges of implementing gender-related treaties in
Indonesia and seeks to discover why gender inequality remains prevalent despite the
existing agreed and ratified covenants. Notwithstanding some notable achievements,
real life is not always fair to Indonesian women. Indonesia's maternal morbidity and
mortality rates remain high, violence against women is common in both public and
private spheres, access to reproductive health services is still limited, and women are
underrepresented in key areas of political and public life. Moreover, discriminatory
and gender-biased laws undermine women's livelihoods.