In Forged in the Shadow of Mars , Peter W. Sposato traces chivalry's powerful influence on the mentalitè and behavior of a sizeable segment of the elite in late medieval Florence. He finds that the strenuous knights and men-at-arms of the Florentine chivalric elite--a cultural community comprised of men from both traditional and newly emerged elite lineages--embraced a chivalric ideology that was fundamentally martial and violent. Chivalry helped...