High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles Ferdinand Maria Philip Louis Sebastian Francis James of Parma (20 January 1751 - 9 October 1802) was Duke of Parma from 1765 to 1802. He was the second child and only son of Philip, Duke of Parma and Princess Louise- lisabeth of France, eldest daughter of Louis XV of France and Maria Leszczyńska. His paternal grandparents were Philip V of Spain (in turn a grandson of Louis XIV) and his second wife, Elisabeth of Parma.
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