This book argues that global power is fundamentally shaped by the evolution of energy systems. It moves beyond coal, oil, and gas to show that energy transitions are not merely technical shifts but arenas of geopolitical competition. The analysis traces how fossil fuels enabled imperial expansion and conflict, how OPEC reconfigured notions of sovereignty and resource control, and how natural gas pipelines continue to generate new forms of dependency and strategic leverage. Finally, it contends that the contemporary climate transition does not end energy geopolitics but rather transforms it into intensified competition over critical minerals, green industrial capacity, artificial intelligence, and digital infrastructure. In this sense, energy remains the central and evolving terrain of power struggles in the 21st century.
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