Energy-Substrate Scaling proposes a unified theory of technological progress, arguing that breakthroughs, from steam engines to AI, remain inert until paired with an energy substrate capable of sustaining them. History's decisive transitions (agrarian → industrial, fossil → post-carbon) were not driven by invention alone, but by energy surpluses meeting critical EROI thresholds.
The book examines:
Novelty, Synergy, Transformation - Why some technologies scale (steam + coal) while others fail (Hero's aeolipile)Collapse as Energy Descent - How Rome and Ming China unraveled when their energy substrates degradedFuture Dilemmas - Why AI, quantum computing, and fusion face thermodynamic limits in a declining-EROI worldBy integrating anthropology, complexity theory, and energy economics, this framework offers a lens for predicting which technologies will thrive-and which are doomed by energy realities.