oncluding that difference indicated deficiency. Fortunately, today's society and its literature encourage understanding and inclusion of individuals with disabilities. Trends noted in past studies have indicated positive literary portrayals of individuals with developmental disabilities (Dyches, Prater, & Leininger, 2009). Currently authors encourage readers to treat individuals with disabilities as friends, not outsiders. They consciously (a) teach about the disability, (b) promote sensitivity for those with differences, and/or (c) represent current conditions accurately (Prater & Dyches, 2008). However, some books may unintentionally reflect negative attitudes toward those with disabilities or fail to endorse exemplary practices in schools and communities. Because their cultural lenses and past experiences impact the way they portray characters with disabilities (Crisp et al., 2016; Kelley, Cardon, & Algeo-Nichols, 2015), some authors fail to consider characters with disabilities as dynamic, unique individuals (Beckett, Ellison, Barrett, & Shah, 2010; Johnson, 2010).
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