The population suffers from serious problems caused by water scarcity, which makes agricultural production unviable and, consequently, survival in decent conditions, leading to hunger and poverty. The objective was to identify the effects of water scarcity on the economy of the irrigated perimeter of S o Gon alo in the municipality of Sousa, Para ba, from 2012 to 2016. The study was conducted through questionnaires with the prior consent of the interviewed population residing in the three housing centres and in the district of S o Gon alo. Visits were also made to the National Department of Works Against Drought and the Executive Agency for Water Management of the State of Para ba to collect data on the economy of the perimeter, information on production and volumes of the S o Gon alo reservoir. There were losses in banana and, mainly, coconut production; unemployment increased; soon, rural exodus and violence rose, with a high rate of assaults. Water vulnerability triggers other vulnerabilities: economic, social and environmental, conditioning the development of populations in the semi-arid region.
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