Crohn's disease, a subtype of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), represents a major challenge in medicine due to its varied manifestations, including abdominal pain, diarrhea, fatigue and weight loss. It can lead to serious complications, including fistulas, abscesses and strictures, as well as extra-intestinal manifestations such as skin, joint and eye disorders. Diagnosis is complex, based on a combination of clinical, biological, endoscopic and radiological data. The etiology of the disease is poorly understood, involving genetic, environmental and microbial factors. Treatments are often limited by their side-effects, underlining the importance of developing innovative approaches, notably based on biotechnologies and natural products, to improve management. This document examines the pathophysiological mechanisms, risk factors, diagnostic methods and therapeutic options available, while highlighting scientific advances and future prospects for better disease management.
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