""Cortois and Vilain: A Study of the Distinctions Made Between Them by the French and Provencal Poets of the Twelfth, Thirteenth, and Fourteenth Centuries"" is a scholarly work by Stanley Leman Galpin, first published in 1905. The book explores the concept of ""cortois"" (courteous) and ""vilain"" (villainous) as portrayed in the literature of medieval France and Provence. Galpin examines how these terms were used to differentiate between social classes,...