Controlling is a management function. It involves determining performance standards according to plan, objectives or standards. Measuring performance as per these parameters and taking the corrective action (s) if required. In theory, there are three types of control: feed-forward, concurrent and feedback. The book describes them in a structured manner in the first instance with reference to the prophet (PBUH) of Islam i.e. the way he had applied in his managerial style. Various examples have been referred to from the biography of the prophet (PBUH). The text is augmented with a case study. The famous battle of the conquering of Makkah was selected because there were many instances of controlling measures the prophet (PBUH) had taken during the course of the expedition. Based on the case, implications for managers have been drawn so that contemporary managers may apply them in their controlling mechanism. The distinctive features of the controlling strategy of the prophet (PBUH) were his application of feed-forward control measures. This proactive or pre-emptive approach was unique to his credit despite the unavailability of modern technology.
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