
Science produces fascinating puzzles: why is there such a range of placental structures when other mammalian organs are so structurally uniform ? Why and how did the different placental structures evolve ? Comparative placental studies can facilitate the identification of the...

Placentation Fundamentals.- Implantation, Maternofetal Exchange and Vascular Relationships.- Fish, Amphibian, Bird and Reptile Placentation.- Monotreme and Marsupial Placentation.- Eutheria: Epitheliochorial Placentation Pig and Horse.- Synepitheliochorial Placentation: Ruminants...