
This scholarly work examines the use of countersigns in medieval Europe, tracing the history of these symbols and their meanings. Leyser's erudite and detailed analysis sheds light on the way in which these codes were used in political and military contexts, and provides a...

This scholarly work examines the use of countersigns in medieval Europe, tracing the history of these symbols and their meanings. Leyser's erudite and detailed analysis sheds light on the way in which these codes were used in political and military contexts, and provides a...