The integration of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) and Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) provides an effective approach to improving diesel engine performance while reducing emissions.EGR lowers peak combustion temperatures, thereby reducing NOₓ emissions, though excessive use may slightly decrease efficiency. VCR enhances brake thermal efficiency and reduces fuel consumption by adjusting the compression ratio according to operating conditions.Results indicate that increasing the compression ratio to 18:1 improves efficiency and fuel economy, while applying moderate EGR (5-10%) effectively reduces NOₓ without significant performance loss.Thus, the combined use of higher compression ratio and controlled EGR achieves an optimal balance between efficiency and emission control.
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