Current developments in the Brazilian Amazon region are shaped by growth-oriented development policies and large-scale economic projects that have a detrimental impact on the environment and local communities. This raises the question of Brazil's contribution to the global debate on alternatives to 'development'. The first part of this thesis examines the phenomenon of 'development', the development debate, the socio-ecological conflicts in the Amazon, and the political and economic obstacles to alternative development perspectives. The second part examines alternative forms of development in the Amazon and the contribution of Amazonian peoples to a rethinking of the development paradigm. Through a literature review, selected initiatives for socio-ecologically just forms of development are discussed, and the role of Amazonian peoples in this context is explored. These include the mainstream concept of the 'Green Economy', the climate protection instrument REDD+, the alternative concept 'REDD+ Ind gena Amaz nico', the pioneering project 'Carbono Florestal Suru ', and the nature reserve and fisheries project 'Mamirau '.
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