Part I Foundations: An Overview of Bayesian Inference and Graphical Models.- Monte Carlo Methods for Inferences in High-dimensional Systems.- Part II Energy Functions for Protein Structure Prediction: On the Physical Relevance and Statistical Interpretation of Knowledge based Potentials.- Statistical Machine Learning of Protein Energetics from Experimentally Observed Structures.- A Statistical View on the Reference Ratio Method.- Part III Directional Statistics and Shape Theory: Statistical Modelling and Simulation Using the Fisher-Bingham Distribution.- Statistics of Bivariate von Mises Distributions.- Bayesian Hierarchical Alignment Methods.- Likelihood and Empirical Bayes Superpositions of Multiple Macromolecular Structures.- Part IV Graphical models for structure prediction: Probabilistic Models of Local Biomolecular Structure and their Application in Structural Simulation.- Prediction of Low Energy Protein Side Chain Configurations Using Markov Random Fields.- Part V Inferring Structure from Experimental Data.- Inferential Structure Determination from NMR Data.- Bayesian Methods in SAXS and SANS Structure Determination.