The roots of modern banking stretch back to ancient Mesopotamia, where temple priests acted as early financiers, storing grain and silver and lending them to farmers. Over time, banking practices evolved through civilizations like the Greeks and Romans, with rudimentary systems of credit and currency exchange. The true precursor to modern banking arose during the Renaissance, when powerful families like the Medicis pioneered double-entry bookkeeping and established banking houses across Europe. These institutions began to standardize currency and credit systems, creating the foundation for today's global financial networks The rise of central banks was driven by the need for monetary stability and national control over currency issuance. The Bank of England (1694) became a model, offering government loans and managing the money supply. The 20th century saw the formation of major central banks like the Federal Reserve (1913) and the European Central Bank (1998). These institutions gained responsibility for setting interest rates, managing inflation, and ensuring financial system stability. Central banking evolved into a delicate balance of intervention and independence Readers are expected to gain an insight into banking from this book
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