The enormous academic interest that Artificial Intelligence (AI) in policing has generated in recent decades is evident. Everything indicates that this trend will continue to grow as this technology is regarded as an excellent opportunity to transform and improve current justice systems. However, some fear that this technology could compromise the fundamental rights of the citizenry. In the same way, it is understandable that there are very conflicting positions among those who study big data algorithms in the judicial and police fields. Either they perceive AI as a leap to improve criminal justice decision-making, or they see AI as widening inequalities and fostering control and manipulation of the state. In the same way that private sector companies use models developed with Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to forecast product demand, estimate financial flows, or classify customers, the Criminal Justice system can take advantage of the capabilities these technologies provide. For example, the development and adoption of recidivism risk prediction and predictive policing are still in their infancy and present great potential to address the challenges faced by the Criminal Justice system. However, this does not come without costs that can undermine ethical principles or fundamental rights. This book will discuss essential concepts regarding Data Analytics and AI technologies and their position within the context of the Criminal Justice system. It will also explore the ethical and moral issues associated with the (mis)use of AI.
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