The last pages of the Premier Manifeste du Surr?alisme (1924) consider the real functioning of human thought in its unity. The living sources of scientific thought appear in these pages as having the same origin as those of all other creative thought. Chapter 3 entitled L'invention Math?matique of Henri Poincar?'s book Science et M?thode in no way contradicts this view, but on the contrary anticipates it, since it is a lecture delivered by Poincar? in 1908, which emphasized the central role of the unconscious and analogy in mathematical creation. More than one century later, Alexandre Grothendieck's autobiography highlights the role of dreams in his own invention process and reinforces Poincar?'s reflections. These two immense mathematicians hence contradict the rationalist ideology according to which "rationalist thought" is in itself creative. The rational mode of exposition of results in mathematics certainly constitutes a precious method of verification, presentation and dissemination of mathematical truths, which, however, are discovered by quite other means. According to Grothendieck's expression, we have to polish the diamond of dreams until it becomes irrefutable. --------------------------------------- Les derni?res pages du Premier Manifeste du Surr?alisme (1924) envisagent le fonctionnement r?el de la pens?e humaine dans son unit?. Les sources vivantes de la pens?e scientifique apparaissent dans ces pages comme ayant la m?me origine que celles de toute autre pens?e cr?atrice. Le chapitre 3 intitul? L'invention math?matique du livre d'Henri Poincar? Science et M?thode ne contredit nullement cette vision, mais au contraire l'anticipe, puisqu'il s'agit d'une conf?rence prononc?e par Poincar? en 1908, qui soulignait le r?le central de l'inconscient et de l'analogie dans cr?ation math?matique. Plus d'un si?cle plus tard, l'autobiographie d'Alexandre Grothendieck met en lumi?re le r?le du r?ve dans son propre processus d'invention et confirme les observations de Poincar?. Ces deux immenses math?maticiens d?mentent donc l'id?ologie rationaliste selon laquelle la pens?e rationaliste est en elle-m?me cr?atrice. Le mode rationnel d'exposition des r?sultats en math?matiques constitue certes une pr?cieuse m?thode de v?rification, de pr?sentation et de diffusion des v?rit?s math?matiques, qui sont pourtant d?couvertes par de tout autres moyens. Il faut, selon l'expression de Grothendieck, polir le diamant des r?ves jusqu'? le rendre irr?cusable.
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