This Special Issue of Buildings focuses on "Advanced Composite Materials for Structure Strengthening and Resilience Improving". Advanced composite materials are characterized by their high strength, stiffness and specific functions. In combination with modern automatic manufacturing processes, it has become more convenient to fabricate advanced composites. However, the construction industry has not yet accepted the wide structural use of these new materials because it does not fully know the advantages of composites in comparison with traditional materials, such as concrete or steel. This Special Issue aims to highlight recent scientific achievements in mechanics, technology, and the analysis of composite materials and structural elements at an advanced level. Related topics include, but are not limited to, mechanics of composite materials for structures strengthening; design of resilience structures; strengthening by composite materials; manufacturing technology of composite materials; experimental or numerical study of composite materials and devices; experimental or numerical study of structure strengthening by composite materials; smart composites.