The Origins of Congestion.- An Introduction to Routing Congestion.- The Estimation of Congestion.- Placement-level Metrics for Routing Congestion.- Synthesis-level Metrics for Routing Congestion.- The Optimization of Congestion.- Congestion Optimization During Interconnect Synthesis and Routing.- Congestion Optimization During Placement.- Congestion Optimization During Technology Mapping and Logic Synthesis.- Congestion Implications of High Level...